The most asked, most controversial question in physics today is what determines mass in an object. It is mentioned on the movie "Angels and Demons", the "God Particle" is the nickname of a subatomic particle called the Higgs boson. In layman’s terms, different subatomic particles are responsible for giving matter different properties. One of the most mysterious and important properties is mass. Some particles, like protons and neutrons, have mass.
Others, like photons, do not. The Higgs Boson, or “God Particle,” is believed to be the particle which gives mass to matter. The “God Particle” nickname grew out of the long, drawn-out struggles of physicists to find this elusive piece of the cosmic puzzle. What follows is a very brief, very simplified explanation of how the Higgs boson fits into modern physics, and how science is attempting to study it.
The “Standard Model” of particle physics is a system that attempts to describe the forces, components, and reactions of the basic particles that make up matter. It not only deals with atoms and their components, but the pieces that compose some subatomic particles. This model does have some major gaps, including gravity, and some experimental contradictions.
The standard model is still a very good method of understanding particle physics, and it continues to improve. The model predicts that there are certain elementary particles even smaller than protons and neutrons. As of the date of this writing, the only particle predicted by the model which has not been experimentally verified is the “Higgs boson,” jokingly referred to as the “God particle.”
Each of the subatomic particles contributes to the forces that cause all matter interactions. One of the most important, but least understood, aspects of matter is mass. Science is not entirely sure why some particles seem mass-less, like photons, and others are “massive.”
The standard model predicts that there is an elementary particle, the Higgs boson, which would produce the effect of mass. Confirmation of the Higgs boson would be a major milestone in our understanding of physics.
The God particle nickname actually arose when the book The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? by Leon Lederman was published. Since then, it’s taken on a life of its own, in part because of the monumental questions about matter that the God particle might be able to answer.
The man who first proposed the Higgs boson’s existence, Peter Higgs, isn’t all that amused by the nickname “God particle,” as he’s an avowed atheist. All the same, there isn’t really any religious intention behind the nickname.
Currently, efforts are under way to confirm the Higgs boson using the Large Hadron Collider, a particle accelerator in Switzerland, which should be able to confirm or refute the existence of the God particle. As with any scientific discovery, God’s amazing creation becomes more and more impressive as we learn more about it.
Either result—that the Higgs boson exists, or does not exist—represents a step forward in human knowledge and another step forward in our appreciation of God’s awe-inspiring universe. Whether or not there is a “God particle,” we know this about Christ: “For by him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible . . . all things were created by him and for him”.
Why should I be aware of this?
The reigning scientific model of physics today – quantum theory – predicts that if there is a field, then particles should exist which associate with it. These particles would be the missing God particles, which scientists are seeking.
Till date Higgs Boson is the single missing piece of the Standard Model yet to be spotted. Electromagnetism describes how particles interact with photons, tiny packets of electromagnetic radiation.
The strong force binds the elements of atomic nuclei together, and the weak force governs radioactivity and hydrogen fusion (which generates the sun's energy).
If God Particle is found the present theory of particle physics will be proved correct. If not physicists will have to develop another theory. There is another school of thoughts which oppose the experiment.
The opponents, who have taken its architects to court in the United States and France, believe it will create black holes in which the Earth could disappear. But scientist on the project assure that they will blink in and out of existence before anything scary happens.
"Dark matter" and antimatter
The CERN experiments could reveal more about "dark matter," antimatter and possibly hidden dimensions of space and time. Smaller colliders have been used for decades to study the makeup of the atom. Scientists once thought protons and neutrons were the smallest components of an atom's nucleus, but experiments have shown that protons and neutrons are made of quarks and gluons and that there are other forces and particles.
The experiments could help scientists find answers to some of the biggest questions in physics, such as why the universe looks the way it does, and how to explain mass, gravity and mysterious "dark matter".
Sources : Wikipedia, gotquestions.org, copperwiki.org
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